2.
Section A
Clinical nutrition deals with:
14.
Section A
Main function of carbohydrates:
21.
Section A
Protein function includes:
22.
Section A
Protein digestion begins in:
23.
Section A
Nitrogen balance indicates:
24.
Section A
Complete proteins contain:
25.
Section A
Biological value measures:
32.
Section A
Vitamin B12 deficiency causes:
34.
Section A
Vitamin A is important for:
37.
Section A
Calcium is important for:
39.
Section A
Potassium is important for:
41.
Section A
Osmosis involves movement of:
51.
Section B
A patient with low dietary intake shows fatigue and weight loss. The most likely cause is:
52.
Section B
A patient consuming excess refined carbohydrates is at risk of:
53.
Section B
A person with high glycemic index diet experiences:
54.
Section B
A patient with low fiber intake develops constipation due to:
55.
Section B
A patient with diabetes is advised low glycemic load foods because they:
56.
Section B
A patient with protein deficiency shows edema due to:
57.
Section B
A vegetarian diet lacking proper combinations may lead to:
58.
Section B
A patient with negative nitrogen balance is likely experiencing:
59.
Section B
A person consuming excess saturated fats is at risk of:
60.
Section B
A deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids may lead to:
61.
Section B
A patient with fat malabsorption shows steatorrhea due to deficiency of:
62.
Section B
A person on ketogenic diet relies on:
63.
Section B
Elevated LDL levels increase risk of:
64.
Section B
A patient with vitamin B12 deficiency develops:
65.
Section B
Vitamin C deficiency leads to:
66.
Section B
A patient with vitamin D deficiency develops:
68.
Section B
Excess sodium intake leads to:
69.
Section B
Potassium deficiency may cause:
70.
Section B
Magnesium deficiency leads to:
71.
Section B
A patient with dehydration shows low blood pressure due to:
72.
Section B
ADH secretion increases in dehydration to:
73.
Section B
A patient with electrolyte imbalance shows:
74.
Section B
During intense exercise, ATP demand increases due to:
75.
Section B
A person with high BMR burns:
77.
Section B
Leptin resistance leads to:
78.
Section B
Ghrelin hormone increases:
79.
Section B
A patient with hypothyroidism shows:
80.
Section B
Hyperthyroidism leads to:
81.
Section B
A pregnant woman requires increased:
82.
Section B
Folate deficiency in pregnancy leads to:
83.
Section B
Lactation increases need for:
84.
Section B
A child with poor diet may develop:
85.
Section B
Childhood obesity is mainly due to:
86.
Section B
Elderly nutrition focuses on:
87.
Section B
Osteoporosis risk increases with deficiency of:
88.
Section B
A patient with chronic disease requires:
90.
Section B
Waist-hip ratio indicates:
91.
Section B
A high protein diet supports:
92.
Section B
Low protein intake affects:
93.
Section B
Macronutrient distribution affects:
95.
Section B
A calorie deficit leads to:
96.
Section B
A calorie surplus leads to:
97.
Section B
Hydration is important for:
98.
Section B
Gut microbiota imbalance leads to:
100.
Section B
Nutrition therapy is used for:
101.
Section C
A patient consuming excess calories gains weight. The primary reason is:
102.
Section C
A diabetic patient is advised low glycemic index foods because they:
103.
Section C
A person with chronic dehydration experiences fatigue. The cause is:
104.
Section C
A patient with anemia experiences fatigue due to:
105.
Section C
A high-fat meal stimulates bile secretion. The function of bile is:
106.
Section C
A lactose intolerant individual avoids milk due to lack of:
107.
Section C
During intense exercise, lactic acid accumulation occurs due to:
108.
Section C
A patient with chronic kidney disease limits protein intake because:
109.
Section C
A patient with low calcium intake develops weak bones due to:
110.
Section C
Insulin resistance primarily affects:
111.
Section C
Chronic stress increases fat accumulation due to:
112.
Section C
Hypothyroidism leads to weight gain because of:
113.
Section C
Fiber reduces cholesterol by:
114.
Section C
Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation by:
116.
Section C
High sugar intake causes fatigue due to:
117.
Section C
Vitamin D deficiency affects:
118.
Section C
Electrolyte imbalance causes cramps due to:
119.
Section C
Low hemoglobin leads to fatigue due to:
120.
Section C
High-protein diet enhances:
121.
Section C
Gut dysbiosis leads to inflammation due to:
122.
Section C
Exercise improves insulin sensitivity because:
123.
Section C
Sodium reduction helps hypertension because:
124.
Section C
Antioxidants reduce inflammation by:
125.
Section C
Vitamin B12 deficiency affects nerves due to:
126.
Section C
Trans fats increase heart disease risk by:
127.
Section C
Dehydration lowers BP due to:
128.
Section C
Cortisol affects metabolism by:
129.
Section C
Iron deficiency reduces oxygen delivery due to:
130.
Section C
Fiber improves digestion by:
133.
Section C
Low potassium leads to arrhythmia due to:
134.
Section C
Kidney disease causes toxin buildup due to:
135.
Section C
High fat intake delays gastric emptying because:
136.
Section C
Metabolic syndrome is mainly due to:
137.
Section C
Magnesium deficiency increases stress due to:
138.
Section C
Thyroid hormone deficiency causes fatigue due to:
139.
Section C
Hyperglycemia causes polyuria due to:
141.
Section C
Probiotics improve immunity by:
143.
Section C
Vitamin C improves wound healing by:
144.
Section C
High protein intake increases muscle mass by:
145.
Section C
High sugar intake leads to:
146.
Section C
Electrolyte imbalance causes confusion due to:
147.
Section C
Exercise improves cholesterol profile by:
148.
Section C
Omega-3 reduces inflammation by:
149.
Section C
Obesity causes insulin resistance due to:
151.
Section D
Assertion (A): Nutrition is essential for maintaining health. Reason (R): Nutrients support physiological and metabolic functions.
152.
Section D
Assertion (A): Balanced diet provides all essential nutrients. Reason (R): It includes macronutrients and micronutrients in proper proportion.
153.
Section D
Assertion (A): Water is a vital nutrient. Reason (R): It acts as a solvent and transport medium.
154.
Section D
Assertion (A): Macronutrients are required in small amounts. Reason (R): They provide energy to the body.
155.
Section D
Assertion (A): WHO provides global nutrition guidelines. Reason (R): It focuses on international public health.
156.
Section D
Assertion (A): Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy. Reason (R): They are easily oxidized to produce ATP.
157.
Section D
Assertion (A): Glycemic index measures blood glucose response. Reason (R): High GI foods release glucose rapidly.
158.
Section D
Assertion (A): Fiber improves gut health. Reason (R): It increases intestinal motility.
159.
Section D
Assertion (A): Insulin raises blood glucose levels. Reason (R): It promotes glucose uptake by cells.
160.
Section D
Assertion (A): Glucagon increases blood glucose. Reason (R): It stimulates glycogen breakdown.
161.
Section D
Assertion (A): Proteins are made of amino acids. Reason (R): Amino acids are building blocks of proteins.
162.
Section D
Assertion (A): Essential amino acids must be obtained from diet. Reason (R): The body cannot synthesize them.
163.
Section D
Assertion (A): Protein deficiency leads to muscle wasting. Reason (R): Proteins are required for tissue repair.
164.
Section D
Assertion (A): Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids. Reason (R): They have high biological value.
165.
Section D
Assertion (A): Nitrogen balance indicates protein status. Reason (R): It reflects protein intake and loss.
166.
Section D
Assertion (A): Fats provide energy. Reason (R): They yield more energy per gram than carbohydrates.
167.
Section D
Assertion (A): Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation. Reason (R): They reduce inflammatory mediators.
168.
Section D
Assertion (A): LDL is harmful cholesterol. Reason (R): It deposits cholesterol in arterial walls.
169.
Section D
Assertion (A): HDL is beneficial cholesterol. Reason (R): It removes cholesterol from tissues.
170.
Section D
Assertion (A): Lipolysis breaks down fat. Reason (R): It releases fatty acids for energy.
171.
Section D
Assertion (A): Vitamin A is essential for vision. Reason (R): It is required for rhodopsin formation.
172.
Section D
Assertion (A): Vitamin D helps calcium absorption. Reason (R): It enhances intestinal calcium uptake.
173.
Section D
Assertion (A): Vitamin C is an antioxidant. Reason (R): It neutralizes free radicals.
174.
Section D
Assertion (A): Iron deficiency causes anemia. Reason (R): Iron is needed for hemoglobin synthesis.
175.
Section D
Assertion (A): Calcium is important for bones. Reason (R): It is stored in bone matrix.
176.
Section D
Assertion (A): Sodium regulates fluid balance. Reason (R): It controls osmotic pressure.
177.
Section D
Assertion (A): Potassium is essential for nerve function. Reason (R): It helps in nerve impulse transmission.
178.
Section D
Assertion (A): Dehydration reduces blood pressure. Reason (R): It decreases blood volume.
179.
Section D
Assertion (A): ADH conserves water. Reason (R): It increases water reabsorption in kidneys.
180.
Section D
Assertion (A): Electrolyte imbalance affects muscles. Reason (R): Electrolytes regulate contraction.
181.
Section D
Assertion (A): Nutrition is essential for maintaining health.
Reason (R): Nutrients support physiological and metabolic functions.
182.
Section D
Assertion (A): ATP is the energy currency of the cell. Reason (R): It provides energy for cellular activities.
183.
Section D
Assertion (A): BMR represents energy expenditure at rest. Reason (R): It maintains vital body functions.
184.
Section D
Assertion (A): TEF increases energy expenditure. Reason (R): Digestion requires energy.
185.
Section D
Assertion (A): Positive energy balance causes weight gain. Reason (R): Energy intake exceeds expenditure.
186.
Section D
Assertion (A): Leptin regulates satiety. Reason (R): It signals fullness to the brain.
187.
Section D
Assertion (A): Ghrelin increases hunger. Reason (R): It stimulates appetite.
188.
Section D
Assertion (A): Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism. Reason (R): They increase metabolic rate.
189.
Section D
Assertion (A): Cortisol increases blood glucose levels. Reason (R): It promotes gluconeogenesis.
190.
Section D
Assertion (A): Insulin resistance leads to hyperglycemia. Reason (R): Cells fail to uptake glucose efficiently.
191.
Section D
Assertion (A): Pregnancy increases nutrient requirements. Reason (R): Nutrients support fetal growth.
192.
Section D
Assertion (A): Folate deficiency causes neural tube defects. Reason (R): Folate is required for cell division.
193.
Section D
Assertion (A): Childhood nutrition affects growth. Reason (R): Nutrients are essential for development.
194.
Section D
Assertion (A): Elderly individuals require dietary adjustments. Reason (R): Metabolism changes with age.
195.
Section D
Assertion (A): Osteoporosis is linked to calcium deficiency. Reason (R): Calcium strengthens bones.
196.
Section D
Assertion (A): BMI assesses body weight status. Reason (R): It relates weight to height.
197.
Section D
Assertion (A): TDEE includes BMR and physical activity. Reason (R): Total energy expenditure includes all components.
198.
Section D
Assertion (A): Macronutrient distribution affects metabolism. Reason (R): Nutrients influence energy utilization.
199.
Section D
Assertion (A): Hydration is essential for metabolism. Reason (R): Water supports biochemical reactions. A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and R is the co
200.
Section D
Assertion (A): Balanced nutrition maintains homeostasis. Reason (R): Nutrients regulate physiological processes.
